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Prime Minister of Japan
The is the head of government of Japan. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the National Diet and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office. He or she is the head of the Cabinet and appoints and dismisses the other Ministers of State; the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Minister for the Comprehensive Administration of the Cabinet or Minister who Presides over the Cabinet.
The office was created in 1885,〔Legal framework for Prime Minister and Cabinet in the Empire: (Dajōkan proclamation No. 69 of December 22, 1885 (内閣職権, ''naikaku shokken'') ), later replaced by (Imperial edict No. 135 of 1889 (内閣官制, ''naikaku kansei'') ) in effect until 1947〕 four years before the enactment of the Meiji Constitution which mentions neither cabinet nor prime minister explicitly.〔Article 55 of the Imperial Constitution only bound the ministers of state, i.e. all members of the cabinet including the prime minister, to "give their advice to the Emperor and be responsible for it."〕〔Kantei: (Cabinet System of Japan )〕 It took its current form with the adoption of the current constitution in 1947.
The current Prime Minister is Shinzō Abe, who took office on December 26, 2012. He is the first former Prime Minister to resume the office since 1948.
==Appointment==
The Prime Minister is designated by both houses of the Diet, before the conduct of any other business. For that purpose, each conducts a ballot under the run-off system. If the two houses choose different individuals, then a joint committee of both houses is appointed to agree on a common candidate. Ultimately, however, if the two houses do not agree within ten days, the decision of the House of Representatives is deemed to be that of the Diet. Therefore, the House of Representatives can theoretically ensure the appointment of any Prime Minister it wishes.〔Article 67 of the Constitution of Japan〕 The candidate is then presented with their commission, and formally appointed to office by the Emperor.〔Article 6 of the Constitution of Japan〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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